ŒuvresParte 3 de 18
Original em francês · tradução para inglês
One thousand four hundred fifty and six, Mil quatre cens cinquante et six,
I, Je, François Villon, François Villon, scholar, escollier, écolier (m) — student, scholar (Middle French spelling: escollier)
Considering, Considérant, with settled mind, de sens rassis, sens rassis — calm, settled mind; sound judgment
The bit in the teeth, Le frain aux dents, le frein aux dents — literally 'the bit in the teeth'; figuratively, ready for action or under controlfree at the collar, franc au collier,
That one must advise Qu'on doit one's works, ses oeuvres conseiller,
As Comme Vegetius Vegèce Vegèce — Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus, a 4th-century Roman author of 'De Re Militari', widely read in the Middle Agesrecounts it, le racompte,
Wise Roman, Saige Romain, great counselor, grand conseiller,
Or otherwise Ou autrement one miscalculates. on se mescompte. se mécompter — to miscalculate, to be mistaken
II.
In this time En ce temps that que I have said j'ay dit before, devant,
Around Christmas, Sur le Noël, sur le Noël — around Christmas timedead season, morte saison,
When Lorsque the wolves les loups live on wind, vivent de vent,
And Et that one keeps oneself qu'on se tient in one's house, en sa maison,
For the frost, Pour le frimas, frimas (m) — wintry frost, rimenear the ember: près du tison: tison (m) — firebrand, ember
Here Cy came to me the desire me vint vouloir to break de briser
The very amorous prison La très amoureuse prison
Which used to break my heart. Qui souloit mon cueur desbriser. souloir — to be accustomed to, to used to (archaic verb)
III.
I did it Je le feis in such a way, en telle façon,
Seeing Her Voyant Celle before my eyes devant mes yeulx
Consenting Consentant to my undoing, à ma deffaçon,
Without that Sans ce que it ever was better for her; jà luy en fust mieulx; jà — ever, already (archaic form of 'déjà')
Whereof Dont I grieve je me deul se deuil — to grieve, to mourn (from 'douloir')and complain et plains to the heavens, aux cieulx,
Requesting En requérant vengeance from her d'elle vengence
From A all tous the venereal les gods, dieux venerieux,
And Et of the grief du grief of love d'amours alleviation. allégence.
IV.
And, Et, if se I think je pense of my favor, à ma faveur,
These Ces sweet doulx regrets regrets and et fair beaulx appearances semblans
Of De very très deceptive decepvante flavor, saveur,
Pierce me Me trespercent even jusques to the aux flanks: flancs:
Indeed Bien they have ilz ont towards me vers moy les white feet piez blancs
And Et fail me me faillent in au great grant need. besoing.
Plant I must Planter me fault another lament autre complant complainte (f) — lament, mournful song (Middle French: complant)
And strike Et frapper in another en un autre corner. coing. coin (m) — corner, or a die for minting coins (Middle French: coing)
V.
The gaze Le regard of de Her Celle has taken me, m'a prins,
Who Qui has been m'a esté cruel félonne félon — treacherous, cruel, disloyaland et hard to me; dure;
Without Sans that in ce qu'en anything riens I have aye erred, mesprins,
Wills and Veult et ordains ordonne that que I endure j'endure
Death, La mort, and that I et que no longer plus last. je ne dure.
So Si I see no n'y voy help secours but to que flee. fouir. fuir — to flee (Middle French spelling: fouir)
Break Rompre she wants veult the la hard dure bond, souldure, soudure (f) — weld, bond, joint
Without Sans my mes piteous piteux regrets hearing! regrets ouir!
VI.
To obviate Pour obvier obvier à — to obviate, to prevent, to counteracther à ses dangers, dangiers,
My Mon best mieulx is, est, I believe, ce croy, to depart. de partir.
Farewell! Adieu! I go Je m'en voys to Angers, à Angiers, Angers — a city in western France; Villon actually fled there in 1456 after a robbery
Since she Puisqu'el does not want ne me veult to impart to me impartir
Her grace, Sa grace, nor leave me. ne me departir.
By her Par elle I die, meurs, my limbs sound; les membres sains;
At least, Au fort, au fort — at the very least, in shortI die a martyred lover, je meurs amant martir,
Of the number Du nombre of the saintly lovers! des amoureux saints!
VII.
Although the departure Combien que le départ be hard, soit dur,
Yet must I Si fault-il distance myself from it. que je m'en esloingne.
How my poor Comme mon paouvre sense is hard! sens est dur!
Another than I Autre que moy is in a distant place, est en queloingne, queloingne — a distant place or 'far away' (archaic)
Whence never in the forest Dont onc en forest of Boulogne de Bouloingne
Was more altered Ne fut plus alteré in humor. d'humeur.
This is for me C'est pour moy a piteous task: piteuse besoingne:
May God Dieu en vueille hear my clamor for it! ouïr ma clameur!
VIII.
And since depart Et puisque departir I must, me fault,
And of the return Et du retour I am not certain: ne suis certain:
I am not a man Je ne suis homme without fault, sans deffault,
Nor like another of steel Ne qu'autre d'assier nor of tin. ne d'estaing.
To live for humans Vivre aux humains is uncertain, est incertain,
And after death Et après mort there is no respite: n'y a relaiz: relais (m) — respite, delay, release
I go Je m'en voys to a distant country; en pays loingtaing;
So I establish Si establiz this present legacy. ce présent laiz. lais (m) — legacy, bequest (pun on 'lais' as a short poem)
IX.
Firstly, Premièrement, in the name of the Father, au nom du Père,
Of the Son Du Filz and of the Holy Spirit, et du Saint-Esperit,
And of the glorious Mother Et de la glorieuse Mère
By whose grace Par qui grace nothing perishes, riens ne périt,
I leave, Je laisse, by God, de par Dieu, my renown mon bruit bruit (m) — reputation, renown, fame (literally 'noise')
To Master Guillaume Villon, A maistre Guillaume Villon, Guillaume de Villon — the poet's foster father and benefactor, a chaplain at Saint-Benoît-le-Bétourné
Who in the honor Qui en l'honneur of his name makes noise, de son nom bruit,
My tents Mes tentes and my pavilion. et mon pavillon.
X.
To her therefore A celle doncques whom I have named, que j'ay dict,
Who so harshly Qui si durement has driven me away, m'a chassé,
That I am Que j'en suys from joy forbidden de joye interdict
And from all pleasure Et de tout plaisir banished, déchassé,
I leave Je laisse my enshrined heart, mon coeur enchassé,
Pale, piteous, Palle, piteux, dead and transfixed: mort et transy: transi — chilled, paralyzed, or dying (from 'transir')
She has Elle m'a pursued this ill for me, ce mal pourchassé,
But may God Mais Dieu luy have mercy on her for it! en face mercy!
XI.
And to Master Ythier, Et à maistre Ythier, merchant, marchant,
To whom I feel myself Auquel je me sens very indebted, très tenu,
I leave my blade Laisse mon branc branc (m) — a large sword or bladeof sharp steel, d'acier tranchant,
And to Et à Master maistre John Jehan the Horned, le Cornu,
Who is Qui est in pledge en gaige detained détenu
For Pour a bill ung escot écot (m) — share of a bill, tavern reckoningamounting to six sols; six solz montant; sou (m) — a former French coin (Middle French: sol)
I wish, Je vueil, according to selon the content, le contenu,
That one deliver it to him, Qu'on luy livre, by redeeming en it. le racheptant.
XII.
Item, Item, I leave je laisse to à Sainct-Amant Sainct-Amant
The White Horse Le Cheval Blanc Le Cheval Blanc — likely a reference to a specific tavern sign in 15th-century Pariswith avec the Mule, la Mulle,
And to Et à Blaru, Blaru, my mon diamond dyamant
And the Et l'Asne striped Ass rayé who qui recoils. reculle.
And Et the decree le décret which qui articulates: articulle:
Omnis utriusque sexus, Omnis utriusque sexus — a 1215 decree requiring all Christians to confess to their own parish priest at least once a year
Against Contre the Carmelite la Carmeliste bull, bulle,
I leave Laisse to the aux curates, curez, to pour put forth. mettre sus.
XIII.
Item, Item, to à John Trouvé, Jehan Trouvé, butcher, bouchier,
I leave Laisse the sheep le mouton free franc and et tender, tendre,
And Et a ung badger tachon taisson (m) — badger (Middle French: tachon)to pour swat flies from esmoucher
The Le crowned ox boeuf couronné that one qu'on wants to sell, veult vendre,
And Et the cow la vache that one qu'on cannot catch. ne peult prendre.
The Le villain vilain who qui carries her la trousse on his neck, au col,
If he S'il does not return her, ne la rend, may he qu'on be hanged le puist pendre
Or Ou strangled estrangler with a d'un good bon halter! licol! licou (m) — halter, noose (Middle French: licol)
XIV.
And to Et à Master maistre Robert Vallée, Robert Vallée,
Poor Povre clerk clergeon clergeon (m) — young clerk or choirboyat the au Parliament, Parlement,
Who Qui holds ne tient tenir — to holdneither mountain nor valley, ne mont ne vallée,
I ordain J'ordonne principally principalement
That one Qu'on give him luy baille bailler — /dated./ to give, to hand overlightly legerement
My breeches, Mes brayes, braies (f.pl.) — /dated./ breeches, trousersbeing estans at the stirrups, aux trumellières,
To Pour dress coeffer more honestly plus honestement
His friend S'amye amie (f) — female friend or lover (here 'sa amie' elided to 's'amye' in Middle French)Jehanneton de Millières. Jehanneton de Millières.
XV.
Because he is Pour ce qu'il est of an honest place, de lieu honeste,
It is necessary Fault falloir — to be necessarythat he be qu'il soit better myeulx recompensed, recompensé,
For Car the Holy Spirit le Saint-Esprit admonishes him. l'admoneste.
This notwithstanding Ce obstant that he is senseless. qu'il est insensé. sens (m, sense) → insensé (senseless, mad) → insensément (insanely)
For this, Pour ce, I have considered, je me suis pourpensé, se pourpenser — /dated./ to reflect, to consider
Since he Puysqu'il has no sense n'a sens but a cupboard, mais qu'une aulmoire, armoire (f) — cupboard, wardrobe (spelled 'aulmoire' in Middle French)
To recover De recouvrer from Malpensé, sur Malpensé,
That one give him, Qu'on lui baille, the Art of memory. l'Art de mémoire.
XVI.
Item moreover, Item plus, I assign je assigne the life la vie
Of the aforesaid Du dessusdict Master Robert... maistre Robert...
For God's sake! Pour Dieu! have n'y ayez no envy! point d'envie!
My relatives, Mes parens, sell vendez my hauberk, mon haubert, haubert (m) — hauberk, a coat of mail
And that the money, Et que l'argent, or the greater part, ou la pluspart,
Be employed, Soit employé, within these Easters, dedans ces Pasques, Pâques (f.pl.) — Easter
To buy Pour achepter for this à ce baby poupart poupart (m) — /dated./ baby, chubby child
A window Une fenestre near Saint-Jacques. emprès Saint-Jacques.
XVII.
Furthermore, Derechief, I leave je laisse as a en pure pur gift don
My gloves Mes gands and et my ma silk cloak hucque de soye huque (f) — /dated./ a type of short cloak or surcoat
To A my mon friend amy Jacques Cardon; Jacques Cardon;
The Le acorn gland also aussi of a d'une willow grove, saulsoye, saussaie (f) — willow grove
And Et every day tous les jours a une fat grosse goose oye
And Et a ung capon chappon chapon (m) — capon (a castrated rooster)of de high haulte fat; gresse;
Ten Dix muids muys muid (m) — an ancient French unit of capacity for liquids and solidsof de wine vin white blanc as comme chalk, croye,
And Et two deux lawsuits, procès, that he not grow que too fat. trop n'engresse.
XVIII.
Item, Item, I je leave laisse to à this ce young jeune man, homme,
René de Montigny, René de Montigny, three dogs; troys chiens;
Also Aussi to à Jehan Raguyer, Jehan Raguyer, the sum la somme
Of a hundred De cent francs, frans, taken prins from sur all tous my mes goods; biens;
But what! Mais quoy! I Je do not include n'y comprens in anything en riens
That which Ce que I may acquire: je pourray acquerir:
One On must not ne doit too much trop take prendre from one's own, des siens,
Nor Ne one's friends ses amis too much trop importune. surquerir. surquérir — /dated./ to over-solicit, to importune
XIX.
Item, Item, to the lord au seigneur of Grigny de Grigny
I leave Laisse the guardianship la garde of Nygon, de Nygon,
And Et six dogs six chiens more plus than to Montigny, qu'à Montigny,
Vicestre, Vicestre, castle chastel and et dungeon; donjon; donjon (m) — keep (of a castle); note that in French it refers to the tower, not necessarily a prison
And Et to this à ce ill-fated malostru Changon, Changon,
Shepherd Moutonnier who qui holds tient in lawsuit, en procès,
I leave Laisse three troys blows coups of a d'ung whip, escourgon, escourgée (f) — /dated./ whip, scourge (here 'escourgon')
And Et to lie, coucher, in peace paix and et ease, aise, in stocks. en ceps. ceps (m.pl.) — /dated./ stocks (instrument of punishment)
XX.
And Et to à Master maistre Jacques Raguyer, Jacques Raguyer,
I Je leave laisse the Popin Watering-place l'Abreuvoyr Popin , ,
For Pour his ses poor paouvres sisters seurs to scratch; grafignier;
Always Tousjours the le choice choix of a d'ung good bon morsel, lopin, lopin (m) — morsel, piece
The Le hole trou of de the la Pine Cone, Pomme de pin,
The Le back doz to the aux loins, rains, to the au fire feu the la sole, plante,
Swaddled Emmailloté in en Jacobin; jacopin;
And Et who qui will vouldra plant, planter, let him si plant. plante.
XXI.
Item, Item, to à Master maistre Jehan Mautainct Jehan Mautainct
And Et Master maistre Pierre Basannier, Pierre Basannier,
The Le favor gré of the du Lord, Seigneur, who qui reaches attainct
Troubles, Troubles, misdeeds, forfaits, without sans sparing; espargnier; épargner — to spare
And Et to à my mon prosecutor procureur Fournier, Fournier,
Short bonnets, Bonnetz courts, soled hose, chausses semellées, chausses (f.pl.) — /dated./ hose, leggings
Cut Taillées by sur my mon shoemaker, cordouennier,
To Pour wear porter during durant these ces frosts. gellées.
XXII.
Item, Item, to the au knight chevalier of the du watch, guet, guet (m) — watch, lookout
The Le helmet heaulme heaume (m) — /dated./ great helm, medieval helmetI establish for him; luy establis;
And Et to the aux footmen pietons who qui go vont on the lookout d'aguet
Groping Tastonnant through par these ces stalls, establis,
I Je leave them leur laisse two deux beautiful beaulx rubies, rubis,
The La lantern lenterne at à the la Pierre-au-Let. Pierre-au-Let.,
Indeed-but, Voire-mais, I will have j'auray the les Three Troys Beds, licts,
If they S'ilz lead me me meinent to en Chastellet. Chastellet. Châtelet — the main prison and seat of the provost in medieval Paris
XXIII.
Item, Item, to à Perrenet Marchant, Perrenet Marchant,
Who is Qu'on called dit the le Bastard Bastard of de la la Barre, Barre,
Because he Pour ce qu'il is est a ung good bon merchant, marchant,
I leave him Luy laisse three trois wisps gluyons of de straw feurre feurre (m) — /dated./ straw, fodder
To Pour spread estendre upon dessus the la ground terre
To A do faire the lover's l'amoureux trade, mestier,
Where Où he il will have to luy fauldra seek his living, sa vie querre, quérir — /dated./ to seek, to look for
For Car he il knows ne scet no other trade. autre mestier.
XXIV.
Item, Item, to the au Wolf Loup and et to à Chollet, Chollet,
I Je leave laisse at once à la foys a un duck, canart,
Taken Prins under sous the les walls, murs, as comme one on used to, souloit, souloir — /dated./ to be accustomed to, to used to
Towards Envers the les moats, fossez, late in the day; sur le tard;
And Et to à each chascun a un great grand tabard tabart tabard (m) — tabard, a short heavy coat
Of a De Franciscan friar, cordelier, down to jusques the aux feet, pieds,
Wood, Busche, charcoal charbon and et peas poys with au bacon, lart,
And Et my mes leggings housaulx houseaux (m.pl.) — /dated./ gaiters, leggingswithout sans foot-pieces. avantpiedz.
XXV.
Furthermore, Derechief, I je leave laisse in en pity, pitié,
To A three troys small petitz children enfans all tous naked, nudz,
Named Nommez in en this ce present présent treatise, traictié,
Poor Paouvres orphans orphelins unprovided for, impourveuz, dépourvu — unprovided, destitute
All Tous unshod, deschaussez, all tous unprovided, despourveus,
And Et stripped desnuez like comme the le worm; ver;
I ordain J'ordonne that they qu'ils shall be seront provided for, pourveuz,
At Au least moins to pour pass passer this cest winter. yver.
XXVI.
Firstly, Premièrement, Colin Colin Laurens, Laurens,
Girard Girard Gossoyn Gossoyn and et Jehan Jehan Marceau, Marceau,
Deprived Desprins of de goods biens and et of de relatives, parens,
Who Qui have not n'ont worth vaillant the handle l'anse of a d'ung bucket, ceau, seau (m) — bucket
Each Chascun of de my mes goods biens a ung bundle, faisseau,
Or Ou four quatre blancs, blancs, blanc (m) — an old French silver coin worth five deniersif they s'ilz prefer l'ayment it; mieulx;
They Ils will eat mangeront many a maint good bon morsel, morceau,
These Ces children, enfans, when quand I je am seray old! vieulx!
XXVII.
Item, Item, my ma nomination, nomination,
Which Que I have j'ay from de the University, l'Université,
I leave Laisse by par resignation, résignation,
To Pour preclude forclorre forclore — to exclude, to precludefrom adversity d'adversité
Poor Paouvres clerks clercs of de this ceste city, cité,
Under Soubz this cest intent intendit contained: contenuz:
Charity Charité has m'y incited me to a it, incité,
And Et Nature, Nature, seeing them les voyant naked. nudz.
XXVIII.
It is C'est Master maistre Guillaume Guillaume Cotin Cotin
And Et Master maistre Thibault de Vitry, Thibault de Vitry,
Two Deux poor clerks, paouvres clercs, pauvre — poorclerc (m) — clerk, scholar, or minor member of the clergyspeaking parlans Latin, latin,
Peaceful Paisibles children, enfans, without sans strife, estry, estrif (m) — /dated./ strife, quarrel, combat
Humble, Humbles, well bien singing chantans at the au lectern. lectry. lutrin (m) — lectern (used in a church for singing)
I Je leave them leur laisse to receive rents cens recevoir cens (m) — /historical./ quit-rent, a feudal tax paid by a tenant to a lord
On Sur the house of la maison Guillot Gueuldry, Guillot Gueuldry,
While waiting to have better. En attendant de mieulx avoir. en attendant de + inf — while waiting to, until
XXIX.
Item more, Item plus, I join je adjoinctz adjoindre — to add, to jointo à the Crosse la Crosse
That Celle of de the street la rue Sainct-Anthoine, Sainct-Anthoine,
And Et a ung billiard cue billart billard (m) — here, a curved stick or mallet used in a game similar to croquetwith which de quoy one on plays croquet, crosse,
And Et every day tous les jours a full plain pot pot of Seine water, de Seine,
To the Aux pigeons pigons who qui are sont in en distress, l'essoine, essoine (f) — /dated./ difficulty, distress, or legal excuse for absence
Enclosed Enserrez under soubz a trap trappe aviary, volière,
And Et my mon mirror mirouer beautiful bel and et suitable, ydoyne, idoine — suitable, fit, appropriate
And Et the la grace grace of de the la jailer. geollière.
XXX.
Item, Item, I leave je laisse to the aux hospitals hospitaux
My frames Mes chassis châssis (m) — frame, window framewoven tissus of spiderweb; d'araignée; araignée (f) — spider (here used for the web itself)
And to Et aux those lying gisans gésir — to lie (often used for the sick or dead)under soubz the stalls, les estaux,
Each Chascun on the eye sur l'oeil a punch, une grongnée, grogne (f) — /dated./ a blow to the face, a punch
To tremble Trembler with à a scowling face, chière renffrongnée, chère refrognée — a sullen or scowling expression
Thin, hairy Maigres, velluz and chilled; et morfonduz; morfondre — to chill to the bone, to be frozen
Short hose, Chausses courtes, chausses (f.pl) — /historical./ hose, breechesgnawed robe, robbe rongnée,
Frozen, bruised Gelez, meurdriz and sunken. et enfonduz.
XXXI.
Item, Item, I leave je laisse to à my barber mon barbier
The trimmings Les rongneures of de my hair, mes cheveulx,
Fully Plainement and et without hindrance; sans destourbier; destorbier (m) — /dated./ trouble, hindrance, disturbance
To the Au cobbler, savetier, savetier (m) — cobbler, shoe-repairermy mes old shoes, souliers vieulx,
And to the Et au rag-picker, fripier, fripier (m) — second-hand clothes dealermy mes clothes habitz such tieulx
That, Que, when quant du tout I entirely abandon them, je les délaisse,
For Pour less moins than they qu'ilz cost ne coustèrent new neufz
Charitably Charitablement I leave them to them. je leur laisse.
XXXII.
Item, Item, to the aux Four Beggars, Quatre Mendians, Quatre Mendians — the four mendicant orders: Franciscans, Dominicans, Carmelites, and Augustinians
To the Aux Daughters of God Filles Dieu and to the et aux Beguines, Beguynes,
Savory Savoureulx morceaulx and et tempting morsels, frians,
Capons, Chappons, pigeons, pigons, fat hens, grasses gelines, géline (f) — /dated./ hen, chicken
And then Et puis to preach prescher the les Fifteen Signs, Quinze Signes, Quinze Signes — the fifteen signs preceding the Last Judgment, a popular medieval theme
And Et to break abatre bread pain with à both deux hands. mains.
Carmelites ride Carmes chevaulchent chevaucher — to ride (a horse); here used with a sexual double entendreour neighbors, nos voisines,
But Mais that cela is to me ne m'est but que of the least. du meins.
XXXIII.
Item, Item, I leave laisse the le Golden Mortar Mortier d'or
To A John Jehan the Grocer, l'Espicier, of the Guard, de la Garde,
And Et a une gallows potence potence (f) — gallows, gibbetto Sainct-Mor, à Sainct-Mor,
To Pour make faire a mustard grinder, ung broyer à moustarde,
And Et he celluy who qui made feit the vanguard, l'avant-garde,
To commit grievous acts Pour faire against me, sur moy griefz exploitz,
By De par me moy Saint Anthony sainct Anthoine burn him! l'arde! ardre — /dated./ to burn
I Je ne will not leave him lui lairray laisser — to leave (future tense in Old/Middle French often used 'lairrai')another autre legacy. laiz.
XXXIV.
Item, Item, I je leave laisse to Mairebeuf à Mairebeuf
And Et to à Nicolas de Louvieulx, Nicolas de Louvieulx,
To each A chascun the shell l'escaille of an d'un egg, oeuf,
Full Plaine of francs de frans and et old écus, d'escus vieulx, écu (m) — /historical./ a French gold or silver coin
As for Quant au the concierge concierge of Gouvieulx, de Gouvieulx,
Pierre Ronseville, Pierre Ronseville, I je order, ordonne,
To Pour give him luy donner even encore better, mieulx,
Écus Escus such as telz que a prince prince gives them. les donne.
XXXV.
Finally, Finalement, while writing, en escrivant,
This evening, Ce soir, all alone, seullet, seullet — /dated./ quite alone, all alone (diminutive of seul)being estant in good spirits, en bonne,
Dictating Dictant these legacies ces laiz and et describing, descripvant,
I Je heard ouyz ouïr — /dated./ to hearthe bell la cloche of Sorbonne, de Sorbonne,
Which Qui always tousjours at à nine neuf o'clock heures rings sonne
The Salutation Le Salut Salut — the Angelus prayer, commemorating the Annunciationthat que the Angel l'Ange foretold; prédit;
Here I Cy suspended suspendy and et here I cy put mis good, bonne,
To pray Pour pryer as comme the heart le cueur says. dit.
XXXVI.
That done, Cela fait, I je forgot myself, me entre-oubliai, s'entre-oublier — /dated./ to lose consciousness, to fall into a daze
Not Non pas by force par force of de drinking wine, vin boire,
My spirit Mon esperit as if comme bound; lié;
Then Lors I je felt senty Lady Memory dame Mémoire
To hide Rescondre and et put mectre in en her son cupboard aulmoire armoire (f) — cupboard, cabinet
Her Ses collateral species, espèces collaterales,
Opinionative Oppinative false faulce and et true, voire,
And Et other autres intellectual ones. intellectualles.
XXXVII.
And Et especially mesmement the estimative, l'extimative,
By which Par quoy prosperity prospérité comes to us; nous vient;
Similative, formative,
Of which it Desquelz often happens souvent il advient
That, Que, by the art found, par l'art trouvé, man hom becomes devient
Mad Fol and et lunatic lunaticque for months: par moys:
I Je have read it, l'ay leu, and et I remember it well, bien m'en souvient, il me souvient de qch — /formal./ I remember something
In En Aristotle Aristote sometimes. aucunes fois.
XXXVIII.
Therefore Doncques the sensitive le sensif awoke s'esveilla
And Et strengthened esvertua fantasy, fantasie,
Which Qui all tous cleverness argeutis reawakened, resveilla,
And Et held tint sovereign part, souveraine partie,
Sighing, En souppirant, as if deadened, comme amortie,
By Par oppression oppression of oblivion, d'oubliance, oubliance (f) — /dated./ forgetfulness, oblivion
Which Qui in me en moy had spread s'estoit espartie
To show the alliance Pour montrer of the senses. des sens l'alliance.
XXXIX.
Then, Puis, my sense mon sens which was qui fut at rest à repos
And Et the understanding l'entendement awakened, desveillé,
I Je think cuide cuider — /dated./ to think, to intendto finish finer my purpose; mon propos;
But Mais my ink mon encre was frozen, estoit gelé,
And Et my candle mon cierge was blown out. estoit souflé.
Of fire De feu I je could not have n'eusse pu finished. finer.
So Si I fell asleep, m'endormy, all tout muffled, enmouflé, emmitoufler — to wrap up warmly, to muffle
And Et could not ne peuz otherwise autrement finish. finer.
XL
Done Fait at the time au temps of de the said date, ladicte date,
By Par the le good bon renowned renommé Villon, Villon,
Who Qui eats neither ne mange fig figue nor date; ne date;
Dry Sec and et black noir like comme a brush, escouvillon, écouvillon (m) — swab, bottle brush, or oven-cleaning brush
He Il has neither n'a tent tente nor pavilion ne pavillon
That he Qu'il has not left n'ayt laissé to à his ses friends, amys,
And Et has but n'a mais qu' a little billon, un peu de billon, billon (m) — small change, copper money
Which will Qui sera soon be tantost put to an end. à fin mys.
HERE CY ENDS FINE THE LE TESTAMENT OF TESTAMENT VILLON. VILLON.
HERE CY BEGINS COMMENCE THE LE GREAT GRANT TESTAMENT TESTAMENT
OF DE
FRANÇOIS VILLON
MADE FAIT IN EN 1461. 1461.
I.
In the En l'an thirtieth year trentiesme of de my mon age, aage,
When Que all toutes my mes shames hontes I had drunk, j'eu beues,
Neither Ne entirely du tout mad, fol, nor ne entirely du tout wise. sage.
Notwithstanding Nonobstant many maintes pains peines had, eues,
Which Lesquelles I have j'ay all toutes received receues
Under Soubz the la hand of main Thibault d'Aussigny. Thibault d'Aussigny.
If bishop S'evesque he il is, est, blessing seignant signer — to make the sign of the cross (here: blessing the streets)the les streets, rues,
That he Qu'il be soit mine le mien I je deny him! le regny! renier — to disown, to deny
II.
My lord Mon seigneur seigneur (m) — lord, noblemanhe is not, n'est, nor ne my mon bishop; evesque; évêque (m) — bishop (Middle French spelling: evesque)
Under Soubz him luy I hold not, ne tiens, if s'il he is not n'est fallow; en friche; friche (f) — fallow land, uncultivated ground
Faith Foy I owe him not, ne luy doy, devoir — to owe (Middle French: doy)nor ne homage hommage with it; avecque; avec — with (archaic form: avecque)
I Je am not ne suis his serf son serf nor ne his hind. sa biche. biche (f) — hind, doe
Little Peu he gave me m'a of a small loaf d'une petite miche miche (f) — loaf of bread
And Et of de cold water, froide eau, a whole summer. tout ung esté.
Generous or narrow, Large ou estroit, very moult moult — /dated./ very, muchchurlish he was to me. me fut chiche. chiche — stingy, meager, churlish
Such may Tel luy soit God be to him Dieu as he qu'il has been to me. m'a esté.
III.
And, Et, if anyone s'aucun wished to rebuke me me vouloit reprendre reprendre — to rebuke, to criticize
And Et say dire that que I je curse him, le mauldys, maudire — to curse (Middle French: mauldire)
I do not, Non fais, if he knows si well how to understand me, bien me sçait comprendre,
And Et nothing ill rien of him I speak. de luy je ne mesdys.
Here is Voycy all tout the ill le mal that que I say of him: j'en dys:
If S'il he has been m'a esté merciful to me, misericors, miséricordieux — merciful (Middle French/Latinate: misericors)
Jesus, Jésus, the king le roy of paradise, de paradis,
Such Tel may he be luy soit to his soul à l'âme and et to his body! au corps!
IV.
If S'il he has been m'a esté harsh and cruel to me dur et cruel
Much more Trop plus than que here cy I recount it, ne le racompte, raconter — to tell, to recount (Middle French: racompter)
I wish Je vueil that que the eternal God le Dieu éternel
May therefore be Luy soit doncq similar to him, semblable, on this account!... à ce compte!...
But Mais the Church l'Eglise tells nous dit and recounts to us et compte
That Que we pray prions for pour our enemies; nos ennemis;
I Je tell you vous dis that que I am wrong and ashamed: j'ay tort et honte: avoir tort — to be wrong
All Tous his deeds ses faictz fait (m) — deed, fact (Middle French: faict)be soient remitted to God! à Dieu remis!
V.
So I will pray Si prieray to God Dieu with a good heart, de bon cueur,
For Pour the soul l'âme of the good late Cotard. du bon feu Cotard. feu — /formal./ deceased, late (placed before the name)
But what! Mais quoy! it will be ce sera then doncq by heart, par cueur, par cœur — by heart, from memory
For Car to read de lire I am a laggard. je suys faitard. fainéant — lazy, laggard (Middle French: faitard)
A prayer Prière I will make of it en feray in Picard; de Picard; Picard — a dialect of the Langue d'oïl spoken in Picardy; Villon implies a rough or simplified prayer
If S'il he knows it not, ne le sçait, let him go learn it, voise l'apprandre, aller — to go (archaic subjunctive form: voise)
If S'il he believes me, m'en croyt, ere it be ains qu'il soit ains — /dated./ but, rather, before (ere)later plus tard
At Douay, A Douay, or ou at Lille in Flanders! à Lysle en Flandre!
VI.
How often Combien souvent I wish je veuil that one prays qu'on prie
For him, Pour luy, faith foy that I owe que doy my baptism, mon baptesme,
Notwithstanding Obstant that to everyone qu'à chascun I do not cry it, ne le crye,
He will not fail Il ne fauldra pas in his aim. à son esme. esme (m) — aim, estimation, intent
In the Psalter Au Psaultier psautier (m) — psalter, book of psalmsI take, prens, when quand I am suys able, à mesme,
Which Qui is not n'est of ox de beuf nor cordovan, ne cordoen, cordouan (m) — cordovan leather (from Cordoba)
The verse Le verset written escript the seventh le septiesme
Of the psalm Du psaulme of Deus laudem. de Deus laudem. Deus laudem — Psalm 108 (109), often used as a curse against enemies
VII.
So I pray Si pry to the blessed Son au benoist Filz of God, de Dieu,
Whom in Qu'à all my needs tous mes besoings I invoke, je reclame,
That Que my poor prayer ma pauvre prière may have place ayt lieu
Towards him, Verz luy, from whom de qui I hold tiens body and soul, corps et ame,
Who Qui has preserved me m'a préservé from many a blame de maint blasme
And Et freed me franchy affranchir — to free, to liberate (Middle French: franchir)from vile power. de vile puissance.
Praised be he, Loué soit-il, and et Our Lady, Nostre-Dame,
And Et Louis, Loys, Louis XI — King of France (reigned 1461–1483) who released Villon from prisonthe good king le bon roy of France! de France!
VIII.
To whom Auquel may God grant doint Dieu donner — to give, to grant (archaic subjunctive: doint)the fortune l'heur of Jacob, de Jacob,
Of Solomon De Salomon the honor and glory; l'honneur et gloire;
As for prowess, Quant de prouesse, prouesse (f) — prowess, braveryhe has too much of it; il en a trop;
Of strength also, De force aussi, by my soul, par m'ame, indeed! voire!
In this En ce monde-cy transitory world, transitoire,
As much as it has Tant qu'il a of length de long and of breadth; et de lé; lé (m) — width, breadth
So that Affin que of him de luy there may be memory, soit memoire,
May he live Vive as long as autant que Methuselah! Mathusalé! Mathusalem — Methuselah, biblical figure known for his longevity
IX.
And Et twelve beautiful children, douze beaulx enfans, all males, tous masles,
To see, Veoir, of de his very dear royal blood, son très cher sang royal,
As valiant Aussi preux as was que fut the great Charles, le grand Charles, Charlemagne — Charles the Great
Conceived Conceuz in nuptial womb, en ventre nuptial,
Good Bons as was comme fut Saint Martial. sainct Martial.
Thus may it happen Ainsi en preigne to the good Dauphin; au bon Dauphin; Dauphin — the title of the heir apparent to the French throne
I Je wish him ne luy souhaicte no other ill, autre mal,
And then Et puys paradise paradis at the end. à la fin.
X.
Because Pour ce que weak foible I feel myself, je me sens,
Much more Trop plus of goods de biens than que of health, de santé,
As long as Tant que I am je suys in my full senses, en mon plain sens, plein sens — full mental capacity, sound mind
So little Si peu that que God Dieu has lent me of it, m'en a presté,
For Car from another d'autre I have not borrowed it, ne l'ay emprunté,
I have J'ay this Testament ce Testament very stable très estable
Made, Faict, of last will, de dernière voulenté,
Sole Seul for all pour tout and irrevocable: et irrévocable:
XI.
Written Escript I have it l'ay the year l'an sixty-one, soixante et ung, 1461 — the year Villon was released from prison and began writing 'Le Testament'
That Que the le good bon king roy delivered me me délivra
From the harsh prison of Mehun, De la dure prison de Mehun, Mehun-sur-Yèvre — location of the prison where Villon was held by the Bishop of Orléans
And that Et que life vie he recovered for me, me recouvra,
Whereof Dont I am, suys, as long as tant que my heart mon cueur shall live, vivra,
Bound Tenu towards him vers luy to humble myself, me humilier,
Which Ce que I will do feray until he jusqu'il dies: mourra:
Benefit Bienfaict bienfait (m) — good deed, benefitmust not be forgotten. ne se doibt oublier.
Here Icy begins commence Villon Villon to enter à entrer into matter en matière
full pleine of erudition d'erudition and et of good knowledge. de bon sçavoir.
XII.
Now it is true Or est vray that after qu'après laments and tears plaingtz et pleurs
and et anguished groanings, angoisseux gemissemens,
After Après sadnesses tristesses and et pains, douleurs,
Labors Labeurs and et grievous journeyings, griefz cheminemens, grief — painful, grievous (Middle French: griefz)
Toil Travail my mes slippery senses, lubres sentemens, lubrique — slippery, unstable (Middle French: lubre)
Sharpened Esguisez like a ball, comme une pelote, pelote (f) — ball (of yarn or thread)
Opened me M'ouvrist more than plus que all the tous les Commentaries Commens
Of Averroes D'Averroys Averroes — 12th-century Andalusian philosopher known for his commentaries on Aristotleon Aristotle. sur Aristote.
XIII.
Although at the Combien qu'au strongest plus fort of my ills, de mes maulx,
Journeying En cheminant without cross nor pile, sans croix ne pile, n'avoir ni croix ni pile — to be penniless (referring to the two sides of a coin)
God, Dieu, who qui the Pilgrims of Emmaus les Pellerins d'Esmaus Pèlerins d'Emmaüs — biblical story (Luke 24) where Jesus appears to two disciples on the road
Comforted, Conforta, so says ce dit the Gospel, l'Evangile,
Showed me Me montra a good city une bonne ville
And provided me Et pourveut with the du gift don of hope; d'espérance;
Although Combien que the sinner le pecheur be vile, soit vile,
Nothing he Riens hates ne hayt but que perseverance. persévérance.
XIV.
I am Je suys être — to be (Middle French spelling: suys)a sinner, pécheur, I know it well; je le sçay bien; savoir — to know (Middle French spelling: sçay)
Yet Pourtant God Dieu does not wish ne veult pas vouloir — to want, to wishmy death, ma mort,
But Mais that I convert convertisse and live et vive in good; en bien;
Better Mieulx mieux — betterthan any other tout autre that que sin bites, péché mord,
Be it Soye true will vraye voulenté or ou exhortation, enhort, enhort (m) — exhortation, encouragement
God Dieu sees, voit, and et His mercy, sa miséricorde,
If Se conscience conscience gnaws at me, me remord, remordre — to bite again, to gnaw (source of the word 'remorse')
By Par His grace sa grace grants me pardon. pardon m'accorde.
XV.
And, Et, as comme the le noble noble Romance Romant Le Roman de la Rose — A famous 13th-century French allegorical poem
Of De the la Rose Rose says dit and et confesses confesse
In En its son first premier beginning, commencement,
That one Qu'on must doit a young jeune heart, cueur, cœur (m) — heartin en youth, jeunesse,
When Quant one on sees it le voit old vieil in en old age, vieillesse,
Excuse; Excuser; alas! helas! he il speaks truth. dit voir. voir — truth (from Latin 'verum'); not to be confused with 'voir' (to see)
Those Ceulx then donc who qui do me me font such telle oppression, oppresse,
In En maturity meurté meurté (f) — maturity, ripenesswould not wish to see me. ne me vouldroient veoir.
XVI.
If, Se, for pour my death, ma mort, the le public good bien publique
Of anything D'aucune chose were worth more, vaulsist myeulx, valoir — to be worth
To die A mourir like comme an ung iniquitous man homme inique
I Je would judge myself, me jugeasse, so ainsi help me m'aid aider — to helpGod! Dieux!
Grief Grief I do not cause ne faiz to à young jeune nor ne old, vieulx,
Be it Soye on foot sur pied or ou be it soye in en a coffin: bière: bière (f) — coffin, bier (also means 'beer', but not in this context)
The mountains Les montz do not move ne bougent from de their leurs places, lieux,
For Pour a un poor one, paouvre, pauvre — poorneither forward, n'avant, nor backward. n'arrière.
XVII.
In the Au time temps that que Alexander Alexandre reigned, regna,
A Ung man, hom, named nommé Diomedes, Diomedès,
Before Devant him luy they on brought him, luy amena,
Fettered Engrillonné thumbs poulces and et toes detz doigt (m) — finger or toe (Middle French: detz)
Like Comme a ung thief; larron; for car he il was fut of the des
Marauders Escumeurs écumeur (m) — pirate, marauder (literally 'skimmer' of the seas)that que we see voyons running. courir.
So Si he was placed fut mys before devant the le cadi, cadès, cadi — a judge in a Muslim community, used here loosely for a judge
To Pour be judged estre jugé to die. à mourir.
XVIII.
The emperor L'empereur then si questioned him: l'arraisonna: arraisonner — to hail/question a ship; to challenge someone
«Why «Pourquoy are you es-tu a sea thief?» larron de mer?»
The other, L'autre, answer responce gave him: luy donna:
«Why do you make me be called a thief? «Pourquoy larron me faiz nommer?
«Because one «Pour ce qu'on sees me me voit marauding escumer
«In «En a une small petiote boat? fuste? fuste (f) — a light galley or small boat
«If «Se like you comme toy I could arm myself, me peusse armer,
«Like you «Comme toy an emperor empereur I je would be. fusse.
XIX.
«But «Mais what que do you want! veux-tu! From De my ma fortune, fortune,
«Against which «Contre qui I cannot ne puis properly, bonnement,
«Which «Qui so harshly si durement makes me unfortunate, m'infortune,
«Comes to me «Me vient all tout this ce governance. gouvernement.
«Excuse me somewhat, «Excuse-moy aucunement,
«And know «Et sçaches that qu' in en great grand poverty pauvreté
«(This word is commonly «(Ce mot dit-on said) communément)
«Does not lie «Ne gist pas gésir — to lie (down); often used in 'ci-gît' (here lies)too trop great grand loyalty.» loyaulté.»
XX.
When Quand the emperor l'empereur had considered eut remiré remirer — to look at again, to contemplate
Of Diomedes De Diomedès all tout that was said: le dict:
«Your fortune «Ta fortune I will change for you, je te mueray,
«Bad «Mauvaise into en good!» bonne!» this ce he said to him. luy dit.
So Si he did. fist-il. Never then Onc puis did he err ne mesprit mesprendre — to make a mistake, to do wrong
Against anyone, A personne, but mais was fut a true man; vray homme;
Valerius, Valère, Valerius Maximus — Roman historian who recorded the story of Alexander and the piratefor truth, pour vray, wrote it down, le rescript,
Who Qui was named fut nommé the great le grand in Rome. à Romme.
XXI.
If God Se Dieu had granted me m'eust donné to meet rencontrer
Another Ung autre pitiful Alexander, piteux Alexandre,
Who Qui would have made me m'eust faict enter into good fortune, en bon heur entrer,
And then Et lors who qui would have seen me m'eust veu condescend condescendre
To evil, A mal, to be burned estre ars ardre — to burn (past participle: ars)and et put to ashes mys en cendre
Judged I would have been Jugé me fusse by de my own ma voice. voix.
Necessity Nécessité makes faict people err, gens mesprendre,
And hunger Et faim makes saillir the wolf come out le loup of the woods. des boys.
XXII.
I lament Je plaings the time le temps of my youth, de ma jeunesse,
In which Ouquel I have j'ay more than others plus qu'autre sported, gallé, galer — to have fun, to lead a dissipated life
Up to Jusque à the entrance l'entrée of old age, de vieillesse,
Which Qui its departure son partement has hidden from me. m'a celé.
It has not gone away Il ne s'en est on foot, à pied allé,
Nor on horseback; N'a cheval; alas! las! and et how comment then? donc?
Suddenly Soudainement it has veiled itself away, s'en est voilé,
And Et has not left me ne m'a laissé any gift. quelque don.
XXIII.
Gone it is, Allé s'en est, and et I remain, je demeure,
Poor Pauvre in sense de sens and et in knowledge, de sçavoir,
Sad, failed, Triste, failly, blacker plus noir than a mulberry, que meure, mûre (f) — mulberry or blackberry
Who Qui have neither census, n'ay ne cens, rent, rente, nor assets; n'avoir;
Of my own Des miens the least, le moindre, I je do not see there, n'y voir,
To disavow me De me desadvouer advances, s'avance,
Forgetting Oublyans natural duty, naturel devoir,
Through lack Par faulte of a little d'ung peu of wealth. de chevance. chevance (f) — /dated./ possessions, wealth
XXIV.
So Si I do not fear ne crains having spent, avoir despendu,
By gluttony Par friander friander — to seek delicacies, to be a gluttonand et by licking; par leschier;
By loving too much Par trop aimer I have sold nothing, n'ay riens vendu,
That none can reproach me. Que nuls me puissent reprouchier.
At least that costs them too much. Au moins qui leur couste trop cher.
I say it, Je le dys, and do not believe I speak ill. et ne croys mesdire.
Of this I cannot avenge myself: De ce ne me puis revencher:
He who has not mistrusted Qui n'a méfiait should not say it. ne le doit dire.
XXV.